Physical quantities
are mainly classified into two types, viz. Scalars and Vectors.
Scalar quantities are
those physical quantities which have only magnitude but no direction e.g. mass,
length, time, temperature, density, work, power, energy etc.
Scalars
can be added or subtracted by rules of simple algebra.
Vector quantities are
those physical quantities which have both magnitude as well as direction e.g.
velocity, acceleration, force, displacement etc.
Differences b/w scalars
and vectors:
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Scalars
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Vectors
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(1) Scalar quantities
have only magnitude.
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(1) Vectors have both
magnitude and direction.
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(2) It obeys ordinary
laws of algebra.
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(2) It does not obey
ordinary laws of algebra.
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(3) Product of two
scalars always gives a scalar.
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(3) Product of two
vectors may either be a scalar or a vector.
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Types of vectors:
(1)
Equal vectors:
Two vectors are said to be equal if they have same magnitude and direction.
(2)
Negative vectors:
Two vectors having same magnitude but opposite direction are said to be
negative vectors.
(3)
Collinear vectors:
Vectors lying on the same straight line are termed collinear.
(4)
Co-initial or concurrent vectors: Vectors having a common initial point are called
co-initial vectors.
(5)
Coplanar vectors:
Vectors lying in one plane irrespective of their direction are said to be
coplanar vectors.
(6)
Null vectors or zero vectors: The vector having zero magnitude is said to be null
vectors or zero vectors. Or in other words, the difference between two equal
vectors is called zero or null vectors.
Symbolically
it is represented by
[Note: It has no specific direction.]
(7)
Unit vector:
A vector having unit magnitude and direction same as that of a given vector is
said to be a unit vector of that vector e.g. i, j & k are the unit vectors along x, y and z-axis
respectively.
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