Circular
Motion
Introduction:
Physics
deals with various types of motions. In daily life we come across various
practical situations involving motion. A cyclist travelling along a straight
road performs rectilinear (linear) motion. A cyclist taking turn along a curved
road, perform a curvilinear motion. A cyclist moving along a circular race
course track perform a circular motion.
The
circular motion is a special case of linear or translator motion, in which
particle revolves along circumference of a circle.
Following
are some examples of a circular motion.
(1) Motion
of earth and other planets around the sun.
(2) Motion
of an object tied at the end of a string and whirled in a circle.
(3) Motion
of tip of minute hand, hour hand and second hand of a clock.
(4) Motion
of roller coaster looping the loop.
Angular Displacement: Angular displacement is defined as the angle
described by radius vector in a given time at the centre of circle.
Angular
Velocity:
The S.I. unit of
angular velocity is rad/s.
The direction of
angular velocity is given by right hand rule and is in the direction of angular
displacement.
Angular acceleration: The angular
acceleration is defined as the time rate of change of angular velocity.
The S.I. unit of angular acceleration is rad/s2
e.g.
When an electric fan is switched on, the blades of fan move with increasing
angular velocity with time. The angular acceleration in this case will have
same direction as the angular velocity. When the electric fan is switched off,
the angular velocity of blades of fan decreases with time. The angular
acceleration now will have direction opposite to that of angular velocity.
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